Unit+VI+-+America+and+World+War+II

=America and World War II - Unit VI=


 * [[image:http://www.lesmanantsduroi.com/Images8/Hideki_Tojo.jpg width="185" height="283" caption="Hideki Tojo"]] || [[image:http://www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/pearl-harbor/pearl-harbor-newspaper.jpg width="511" height="269" caption="Pearl Harbor attacked!"]] ||
 * [[image:mrdodson/adolf_hitler_color.jpg width="209" height="239" caption="Adolf Hitler"]]

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 * [[image:http://www.evetahmincioglu.com/web/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/fdr.jpg width="198" height="195" caption="FDR"]]

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What can you learn about WWII in 10 minutes???
=A. Introduction=

2. What historical event was the video clip depicting?
===3. Use the link below to read up on D-Day and take 2-column notes as you read. D-Day occurred in the middle of WWII, so we are starting with it to try to put together the puzzle of what had happened before it. Make sure you have the link in your notes.=== D-Day site - History.com

5. Find a map that relates to D-Day, put it in your notebook and summarize/analyze it below.
=B. Overview of America's involvement in WWII=

b. What are the 5 or 6 most important things it seems we need to know about America and WWII?
=C. Background to WWII and the start of the war in Europe.= ===1. Below is some background info and an intro to the start of WWII, adapted from History.com's WWII page. Please copy and paste it into your notebook. As you read it, use bolding and __underlining__ to mark it up. After reading it, create a bubble outline of the background to and start of the war.===

The instability created in Europe by the First World War (1914-18) set the stage for another international conflict–World War II–which broke out two decades later and would prove even more devastating. Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi Party) rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambitions of world domination. Italy had come under the control of a dictator named Benito Mussolini and Japan was being led by a military General Hideki Tojo. Hitler came to power in 1933 and in the mid-1930s set the world on a course to war. Hitler began by taking complete control of Germany as a dictator and leading the German people to start targeting Jews on a quest to create a pure German race. He then violated World War I's Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German military and beginning to take back land Germany had lost from the Versailles treaty - Germany took part of Austria in 1938 and Czechoslovakia early in 1939. While Hitler took these actions America was more focused on domestic issues and both Great Britain and France were trying to avoid another war, so they used a policy called Appeasement, which means giving in to the demands of an aggressor, letting Hitler get away with what he was doing.

Hitler was able to gain momentum and his invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun. Before Hitler could be slowed, Germany, Italy, and Japan had taken over much of Europe and Asia: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, __France__, Libya, part of China, The Philippines, and more (take a look at the map below).

WWII pitted the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) against the Allied Powers (Great Britain and France, followed by the Soviet Union and the U.S.). Over the next six years, the conflict would take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war. An estimated 45-60 million people were killed during WWII. Included were 6 million Jews murdered in Nazi concentration camps as part of Hitler's diabolical "Final Solution," now known as the Holocaust. America did not declare war until December of 1941, after being bombed by Japan at Pearl Harbor navy base in Hawaii. From 1937 to 1941, America had been supplying the Allied Powers with war supplies, but fully joined the war in 1942, fighting Germany and Italy in North Africa and Italy and fighting Japan in the islands and waters of the Pacific Ocean.

***After having read this intro/overview, don't forget to create your bubbl.us outline!


=D. Key Terms so far=

11. Dwight Eisenhower
=E. Steps to the U.S. joining the war - ** this will be a small project completed outside of class time **= ==1. Below are the major steps to the U.S. joining the war. Research each, take bullet notes, and then create a Google Presentation of at least 10 slides that summarizes the steps that led to U.S. entry into WWII. You should have a title slide and then the 9 steps listed below. For each slide, have the step, a brief description, and an image. ** USE YOUR OWN WORDS **==

3. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Why?

Check out the posters below, what do they tell us about America's response to Pearl Harbor?:

 * [[image:http://blogs-images.forbes.com/shenegotiates/files/2011/03/Pearl-Harbor-Propaganda.jpg width="238" height="360"]] || [[image:http://www.war-stories.com/images-posters/wwii/wwii-poster-remember-pearl-harbor.jpg width="249" height="322"]] || [[image:http://www.therudenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/avenge-pearl-harbor-attack-navy-ships-ww2-infamy.jpg width="259" height="369"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.lchs.museum/ww2/images/roadtowar_remember_pearl.gif width="149" height="118" align="center"]] || [[image:http://www.tooconservative.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/h72273k.jpg width="257" height="377"]] || [[image:http://semperparatus.com/posters/post_uscg_remember2.jpg width="245" height="350"]] ||

=G. American Forces in WWII - The Home Front, Mobilization & Impact=
 * ===** Read the information below. **===
 * ===** For each bullet in #1 & #2 below, find an image that applies and put it into your notebook and use the bullet as the caption. **===
 * ===** For every key term that is underlined, define it in your notebook (in your own words). **===

1. After declaring war, the American public and military had to prepare to fight:

 * 16 million Americans entered the armed forces, some volunteer, some by draft, which President Roosevelt had reinstated in 1940.
 * Although not allowed to take part in combat, hundreds of thousands of women joined the military in various roles, including as pilots, engineers, nurses, secretaries, and equipment managers.
 * New military bases were created in America, especially in California, Florida, and Texas.
 * Many thousands of German, Italian, and Japanese prisoners of war were rounded up (more on this later).
 * Industry was __mobilized__by converting factories to the production of war supplies, especially for making guns, bullets, planes, and tanks:
 * 60,000 planes were built in 1942 and 125,000 in 1943
 * 120,000 new tanks were built in 1942-3
 * 5,500 ships were built over the course of the war.
 * The government created new agencies to make sure the home front effort ran smoothly. These agencies regulated factory production, set prices, and determined how raw materials, like rubber and oil, would be used.
 * __The Office of Production Management__
 * __The War Production Board__
 * Women in the workforce increased dramatically, just like during WWI, with 6.5 million new women joining the working world, most of them in factories, helping do the difficult industrial jobs. These women became symbolized by one name:
 * __Rosie the Riveter__
 * Science became a focus as the top-secret __Manhattan Project__ set up shop in New Mexico to work on developing nuclear weapons, especially the Atomic Bomb, the most powerful weapon ever developed up to that time. This project was led by scientist __J. Robert Oppenheimer__. The development of the a-bomb would soon change the world forever.

2. While government spending on the war provided millions of jobs and ended the Great Depression, some issues still remained:

 * Many workers still worked under very difficult working conditions and unions struggled to improve those conditions.
 * Women were mostly paid less than men for doing the same jobs.
 * African-Americans still had to serve in segregated military units and faced discrimination in the armed forces.
 * African-Americans still faced discrimination on the job market. While many black Americans got jobs during World War II, many were still passed over for white men or women. Black union leader __A. Philip Randolph__ threated to lead a march on Washington, D.C. to protest these facts, but President Roosevelt responded by outlawing racial discrimination in hiring for government or military jobs, so Randolph called off his plans.
 * Many Hispanic Americans found jobs in America, especially on farms in the west (especially in California), but were often met with racial discrimination and unwelcomed in their new communities.
 * Millions of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans served in the American armed forces throughout WWII, contributing greatly to the war effort.

3. Military impact: Operations - ** briefly explain each of the following aspects of U.S. military operations of WWII **

 * 2-Front War - aka Two Theater War
 * Operation Torch - N Africa & Italy
 * Operation Overlord - D-Day & Normandy
 * Battle of the Bulge
 * Ending the Holocaust
 * Slow start in the Pacific
 * Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo
 * Battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa - ISLAND HOPPING in the PACIFIC - see map:


 * Code Talkers
 * Kamikazes

G3 continued...The End of the War:
"I realize the tragic significance of the atomic bomb. Its production and its use were not lightly undertaken by this government. But, we knew that our enemies were on the search for it. We know now how close they were to finding it. And we know the disaster which would come to this nation, and to all peaceful nations, to all civilizations, if they had found it first.
 * ====V-E Day====
 * ====Japan's refusal to surrender====
 * ====Hiroshima & Nagasaki====
 * What is your opinion of the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan? Read up using the info and sites below, then write a paragraph explaining the debate __and__your opinion:
 * Should the U.S. have dropped Atomic Bombs on Japan?
 * Decision to Invade Japan or use the atomic bombs.
 * The Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 * Diary of President Truman: "I have to decide Japanese strategy -- shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade? That is my hardest decision to date. But I'll make it when I have all the facts." June 17, 1945
 * President Truman - radio address - August 1945:

That is why we felt compelled to undertake the long and uncertain and costly labor of discovery and production. We won the race of discovery against the Germans.

Having found the bomb, we have used it. We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned the pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans.

We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japan's power to make war. Only a Japanese surrender will stop us."
 * ====V-J Day====

G4. Home Front Issues: A few other very important aspects of America during WWII. Define each AND give your opinion on each.

 * Rationing
 * Paying for the war
 * The Office of War Information (see propaganda below)
 * Executive Order 9066

WWII Propaganda from Germany, Britain and the U.S. - lots of posters:


=H. Diplomacy at the end of WWII=
 * ===Yalta Conference===
 * ===FDR's death===


 * ===United Nations===
 * ===Potsdam Conference===

=I. Outcomes and Effects of WWII...including seeds of the Cold War=

6. Death toll - see chart below - which countries suffered the most from WWII?
**Deaths** || **Deaths as % of total of 1939 Population** ||  ||
 * **Human Losses of World War II by Country** ||
 * **Country** || **Military Deaths** || **Civilian Deaths** || **Jewish Deaths**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * **China** || 3,000,000 || 12,000,000 ||  || 15,000,000 || 3.86 ||
 * [|Czechoslovakia] || 25,000 || 43,000 || 277,000 || 345,000 || 2.25 ||
 * [|France] || 217,600 || 267,000 || 83,000 || 567,600 || 1.35 ||
 * [|Germany] || 5,533,000 || 1,800,000 || 160,000 || 8,393,000 || 12.15 ||
 * [|Hungary] || 300,000 || 80,000 || 200,000 || 580,000 || 6.35 ||
 * [|India] || 87,000 || 2,00,000 ||  || 2,587,000 || 0.66 ||
 * [|Italy] || 301,400 || 145,100 || 8,000 || 454,500 || 1.02 ||
 * [|Japan] || 2,120,000 || 580,000 ||  || 2,700,000 || 3.78 ||
 * [|Philippines] || 57,000 || 850,000 ||  || 850,000 || 3.48 ||
 * [|Poland] || 240,000 || 2,580,000 || 3,000,000 || 5,820,000 || 16.1 ||
 * [|Soviet Union] || 10,700,000 || 12,254,000 || 1,000,000 || 23,954,000 || 14.18 ||
 * [|United Kingdom] || 382,700 || 67,100 ||  || 449,800 || 0.94 ||
 * [|United States] || 416,800 || 1,700 ||  || 418,500 || 0.32 ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** || **40,900,600** || **5,752,400** || **66,394,200** || **3.50** ||  ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** || **40,900,600** || **5,752,400** || **66,394,200** || **3.50** ||  ||

7. The start of the Cold War: tension, competition, occupations and split nations (Germany, Korea, Vietnam)
=J. Create a Wordle to summarize American involvement in WWII=
 * ===Use a Google Doc to create the text, so that you can edit and redo the Wordle easily===
 * ===Embed the Wordle in your notebook and below it, explain the 5 most prominent words===

=K. WWII Top Ten KTs=

What the ten most important key terms to know about American involvement in WWII?
=L. WWII Essay Work: Thesis Statements=

2. WWII Essay Thesis Statements: write a clear thesis statement to answer each of the following WWII essay prompts:

 * 1) ====What are the three most important aspects of American involvement in WWII? Choose at least one from the home front.====
 * 2) What was America's role in World War II?
 * 3) What were the key results of World War II?
 * 4) What were the key factors leading to Allied victory in World War II?
 * 5) Was the U.S. justified in interning Japanese Americans and dropping the atomic bombs on Japan?



WWII Interactive Experience from History,com - USE THIS

Video - WWII (10 mins) - mediarich learning Video - Hitler defeats France (4 mins) Video - Pearl Harbor attacked w FDR speech voiceover (2 mins) Video - U.S. prepares for war - industrial production (3 mins)

WWII Overview from History.com - great info, fairly brief American Home Front during WWII from History.com WWII videos, speeches, photo galleries from History.com

Video - Pearl Harbor, FDR speech, A-Bombs

Pearl Harbor site from History.com Pearl Harbor Video interactive simulation from MSNBC FDR asks for declaration of war - audio D-Day site from History.com Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki site from History,com

WWII posters photo gallery

Appeasement - history channel.co.uk WWII - history channel.co.uk Video - Appeasement - 2 mins Video - 1945 - Sinatra in "The House I Live In" - religious tolerance America and The Holocaust - PBS American Experience site The Holocaust site from History.com NPR Timeline of Before, During, and After Pearl Harbor Attack Energy.gov - History of Manhattan Project

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