Unit+V+-+The+Great+Depression+&+The+New+Deal

Unit V - The Great Depression and The New Deal
Video - Jazz by Ken Burns intro - 8 mins

Plans for the first day after break:

=A. For each of the 6 images below, what can you infer about what we will study in our new unit?=
 * [[image:http://intergate.sbhsd.k12.ca.us/sbhslib/reference/roaring20s.jpg width="313" height="340" caption="1920s America - "The Roaring '20s""]] || [[image:http://www.investmentpostcards.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/20-sep-v16.jpg width="296" height="327" caption="October 29, 1929 - "Black Tuesday""]] ||
 * [[image:http://assets.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/business/2009/02/03/30sunemployment.jpg width="425" height="224" caption="American Unemployment Rate"]] || [[image:http://www.standlikearock.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/spendinggreatdepression.jpg width="332" height="273" caption="Government Spending"]] ||
 * [[image:http://arizona.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bf80c53ef011168d02683970c-500wi caption="A Hooverville"]] || [[image:http://www.economicnoise.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/newdeal2.jpg width="326" height="340" caption="Dr. FDR"]] ||


 * ===The 1920s was a decade of...===
 * ===But in 1929...===
 * ===The 1930s became a decade of...===



===The stock market crash of 1929 was one trigger of the economic bust that came in the early 1930s, but it was only a small piece of the puzzle, only one reason that the economy crumbled. We will look at the other reasons shortly. First, though, we'll take a look at the stock market; what it is, why it crashed, how it relates to business and banking, and what role it plays in the overall economy.===
 * ===What is the stock market and how does it work???===

B. Read the overview of the Great Depression found through the link below. Take 2-column notes as you read:
PBS.org overview of the 1920s, crash, GD, Hoover & FDR

What is meant by "boom and bust cycles?"
=== Booms and Busts are normal parts of a capitalist economy, but the Great Depression was clearly not a normal bust cycle...How did an economic bust become The Great Depression (the worst economic crisis in American history)??? ===

===1. Key Causes: Top 5 Causes of the GD - read the top 5 causes and make a list with explanation in your notebook. After you make the list, add a picture for each cause if you have time.===

2. We will now watch two videos and then use the document below to find out how things got so so so so bad. As we watch the videos, take down the key info you hear/see.
One video is: Video - The Crash and start of the GD - 5 mins Another video: Causes of the GD - clear bias, but good info -11 mins (start at 33 secs) Another video: PBS video - part 1 (10 mins) The other will be a DVD shown in class - "Bust" from "America: The Story of Us".

3. The document below outlines how things went from bad to REALLY bad - please:

 * ===copy the reading below into a Google Doc===
 * ===read and mark it up (use highlighting and comments) - you should be EXCELLENT at this by now===
 * ===put a link to it in your wikispace notebook - and label the link so we know what it is===
 * ===summarize the reading below the link===

p. 670 – 671 - American History by Alan Brinkley Progress of the Depression: How things went from bad to worse... The stock market crash of 1929 did not so much cause the Depression, then, as help trigger a chain of events that exposed longstanding weaknesses in the American economy. During the next three years, the crisis steadily worsened. The Great Depression was at its worst between 1932 and 1934.

A collapse of much of the banking system followed the stock market crash. Over 9,000 American banks either went bankrupt or closed their doors to avoid bankruptcy between 1930 and 1933. Depositors lost over $2.5 billion in deposits. Partly as a result of these banking closures, the nation’s money supply greatly decreased. The total money supply, according to some measurements, fell by more than a third between 1930 and 1933. The meant that there was simply less money in circulation - less money being made, spent, loaned, or saved. The declining money supply meant a decline in purchasing power, and thus deflation (prices decreased). Manufacturers and merchants began reducing prices, cutting back on production, and laying off workers.

Some economists argue that a severe depression could have been avoided if the Federal Reserve system had acted more responsibly. But the members of the Federal Reserve Board were worried about the Federal Reserve system collapsing, so it raised interest rates in 1931, which contracted the money supply even further because this made loans even more difficult to secure. Overall, the government response was very limited as President Herbert Hoover and his administration did not quite grasp how severe the economic crisis was becoming.

The collapse was so rapid and so devastating that at the time it created only bewilderment among many of those who attempted to explain it. The American gross national product (total value of good produced in America) plummeted from over $104 billion in 1929 to $76.4 billion in 1932-a 25% decline in three years. In 1929, Americans had spent $16.2 billion in investments; in 1933, they invested only a ⅓ of one billion as Americans became unwilling and unable to put money into the stock market or new businesses. Farm income dropped from $12 billion to $5 billion in four years as many farms either went bankrupt or were foreclosed on. By 1932, according to estimates of the time, 25% of the American work force was unemployed (some believe the figure was even higher); a third of those who had jobs experienced cuts in wages or hours or both. For the rest of the 1930s, unemployment averaged nearly 20 percent, never dropping below 15 percent.

Unable to pay their bills, many Americans lost their homes to foreclosure and became homeless. Some built temporary shacks to live in, which became known as Hoover Hotels, and when small cities of these shanties developed, they were known as Hoovervilles. With money tight many parents sent their teenage children (mostly the males) out on their own to look for jobs and housing, leading to a great deal of wandering around by those teens, as well as by single men in their 20s and 30s. These individuals were known as hoboes, often traveling around the country on railroad cars trying to find some sort of work. In most cases, this work was unavailable, of course, at least until Franklin D. Roosevelt became President in 1933 and began to implement his New Deal programs, which had some success in addressing the country’s problems.



D. Key Concepts so far (before the New Deal):

 * 1) ===What were the 1920s like?===
 * 2) ===Why did the economy start to tank in the late '20s and get really bad in the early 30s (multiple reasons)?===
 * 3) ===What were the key characteristics of the Great Depression? (List the problems with descriptions and DATA)===

B. First: What were his political and economic philosophies? Wait...What is a philosophy?


"After the crash Hoover announced that while he would keep the Federal budget balanced, he would cut taxes and expand public works spending. In 1931 repercussions from Europe deepened the crisis, even though the President presented to Congress a program asking for creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to aid business, additional help for farmers facing mortgage foreclosures, banking reform, a loan to states for feeding the unemployed, expansion of public works, and drastic governmental economy. At the same time he reiterated his view that while people must not suffer from hunger and cold, caring for them must be primarily a local and voluntary responsibility." From: Whitehouse.gov - Herbert Hoover

Hoover's attempts to aid Americans and the economy, explain each (use background knowledge, the paragraph above and internet research):

 * === Smoot-Hawley Tariff ===
 * === RFC - Reconstruction Finance Corporation ===
 * === Hoover Dam and other public works building projects ===

Herbert Hoover was the first president to have a phone installed in his office. What does that tell us?



E. Unit V Objectives: Read the objectives below, then copy and paste these into your Unit V page.

 * 1) ====Describe the key characteristics of 1920s America.====
 * 2) ====Explain the reasons for the downturn of the American economy.====
 * 3) ====Identify the key characteristics of the Great Depression.====
 * 4) ====Identify, describe, and analyze President Herbert Hoover's attempts to combat the GD.====
 * 5) ====Explain the basics of how the American government is set up.====
 * 6) ====Explain the basics of how the American economy works.====
 * 7) ====Describe Franklin Delano Roosevelt's personality and his approach to combating the GD.====
 * 8) ====Identify, explain, and analyze the New Deal and its most important programs.====
 * 9) ====Analyze FDR's programs and their relationship to the basic principles of American government and economics.====
 * 10) ====Describe FDR's issues with the Supreme Court.====
 * 11) ====Identify the legacies of FDR and the New Deal.====
 * 12) ====Create an impressive Google Presentation.====
 * 13) ====Create an impressive Slide slideshow.====
 * 14) ====Create an impressive webcam video campaign ad.====
 * 15) ====Complete thorough and thoughtful 2-column notes.====
 * 16) ====Read and thoughtfully mark up a document.====
 * 17) ====Analyze a primary source and complete an APPARTS chart.====



F. FDR - personality, philosophy, and Fireside Chats

 * 1) ====Who was FDR? What was his background? What was his personality like?====
 * 2) ====What was his political and economic philosophy? How was it different from Hoover's?====
 * 3) ====What were Fireside Chats?====
 * 4) ====Why were confidence and hope so important in the early 1930s?====

G. Major New Deal programs

 * 1) ===Go back to your list of the problems of the Great Depression from D3 and create a chart that matches up each problem with the New Deal program(s) that tried to address it. Your chart should have 3 columns - Problem, New Deal Program, Description of the Program.===
 * 2) ===Major New Deal programs to include (there were often multiple programs for each problem):===
 * 3) ===Bank Holiday===
 * 4) ===Emergency Banking Act===
 * 5) ===AAA===
 * 6) ===CCC===
 * 7) ===NIRA===
 * 8) ===TVA===
 * 9) ===FDIC===
 * 10) ===SEC===
 * 11) ===WPA===
 * 12) ===REA===
 * 13) ===Social Security===
 * 14) ===Fair Labor Standards Act===

3. Use the following links to find your information. Make sure you put these links with your notes:
List of major ND programs w relief, recovery, or reform labels Major New Deal programs w descriptions Top 10 ND Programs Major ND Programs - Chart

4. The 3 Rs of the New Deal

 * ===Relief===
 * ===Recovery===
 * ===Reform===

What is meant by each of the 3 Rs? What is one example of a program that fits with the idea of each?
=== 5. Next, using the AAA, SEC, WPA, and Social Security, make a 5 slide Slide presentation by using the Slide website - make sure you include a title slide for the New Deal and then for each program a slide with a picture that makes sense and a caption explaining the program. ===

=H. The Dust Bowl=



Video - 1 minute personal account voiceover with images

 * ==From what you saw and heard, what was the Dust Bowl?==

2. Dust Bowl vocabulary

 * ===Please copy the following vocab chart into your notebook for use throughout our study of the Dust Bowl===

Dust Bowl vocabulary
 * // TERM // || // DEFINITION // || // IMPORTANCE // || // IMAGE // ||
 * Dust Bowl ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Drought ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Migrant ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Okie ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Great Plains ||  ||   ||   ||

3. Where was the Dust Bowl?
Regions with states

Great Plains states map

Dust Bowl map and migration lines

4. The following information is adapted from WGBH's American Experience series, the installment called Surviving the Dust Bowl

 * ===Please copy and paste the text below into a Google Doc, then mark it up with your reactions, comments, questions, and the main ideas that you identify (make sure you add the above link for the website the info came from):===

The Dust Bowl got its name on April 15, 1935, the day after Black Sunday, when huge dust storms had hit the region. A reporter named Robert Geiger traveled through the region and wrote: “Three little words achingly familiar on a Western farmer’s tongue, rule life in the dust bowl of the continent – if it rains.” The name for the region so hard hit by drought and dust storms stuck, and soon spread to radio broadcasts and publications, in private letters and public speeches until Americans all over the country knew of the devastated region as "the dust bowl."

A letter from an Oklahoma woman, later published in Reader’s Digest magazine, recalls June of 1935. “In the dust-covered desolation of our No Man’s Land here, wearing our shade hats, with handkerchiefs tied over our faces and Vaseline in our nostrils, we have been trying to rescue our home from the wind-blown dust which penetrates wherever air can go. It is almost a hopeless task, for there is rarely a day when at some time the dust clouds do not roll over. 'Visibility’ approaches zero and everything is covered again with a silt-like deposit which may vary in depth from a film to actual ripples on the kitchen floor.”

Many wonder what caused the Dust Bowl, and the answer is a combination of drought and poor farming practices. The 1930s were a decade of very little rainfall in the Great Plains, but farmers did not help the situation by misusing and overusing the land. The fertile topsoil and grass that once covered the land had turned to dry dust, easily swept up by the wind and transformed into massive dust storms, which wound up covering thousands of farms and devastating millions of people. In fact, by the end of the 1930s, 2.5 million people had left the states affected by the Dust Bowl, many of them heading to California looking for jobs and a new start to life. These people were migrants, leaving one place to travel to and live in another, and many at the time called them "Okies" because they thought all of them were from Oklahoma.

===5. Create a slide presentation of pictures and captions to summarize what you have learned about the Dust Bowl today: include information from all parts of class today and any other research you do. Make sure to keep track of any sites you use for information. Use the Slide site.===

6. Next: What did FDR do to help those affected by the Dust Bowl?
Use the following timeline to find information on what actions FDR and the U.S. government took to help Americans hurt by the dust bowl. Make a list of any actions in your notebook:

7. Capturing the Dust Bowl in song and pictures:
Woody Guthrie during the Dust Bowl Woody Guthrie songs and lyrics Pastures of Plenty - Lyrics Pastures of Plenty - Youtube || Dorothea Lange photo collection Dorothea Lange brief biography ||
 * [[image:http://www.hollywoodoutbreak.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/woody44.jpg width="183" height="248" caption="Woody Guthrie"]] || [[image:http://alafoto.com/wp-content/uploads/dorothea_lange.jpg width="242" height="210" caption="Dorothea Lange"]] ||
 * Woody Guthrie.org - official site

F. Choose two Lange photos to put into your notebook and caption.
History.com - the Dust Bowl Dust Bowl photo album Video - History.com Dust Bowl American Experience - Surviving the Dust Bowl site Video - farmers during the GD w Steinbeck info Dust Bowl info from LOC.gov Song lyrics - I'd Rather Not Be On Relief

==I. Unit V Key Terms: we will create a 3 column chart to define and analyze these terms: term, definition, importance - we will not fill in the importance column until the END of the unit when we really know the importance.==
 * 1) ====Roaring Twenties====
 * 2) ====Prohibition / 18th Amendment====
 * 3) ====Herbert Hoover====
 * 4) ====Black Tuesday====
 * 5) ====Great Depression====
 * 6) ====Smoot-Hawley Tariff====
 * 7) ====Reconstruction Finance Corporation====
 * 8) ====Hoover Dam====
 * 9) ====Hooverville====
 * 10) ====Bonus Army====
 * 11) ====Dust Bowl====
 * 12) ====Public works projects====
 * 13) ====Franklin Delano Roosevelt====
 * 14) ====Eleanor Roosevelt====
 * 15) ====New Deal====
 * 16) ====Laissez Faire capitalism====
 * 17) ====Communism====
 * 18) ====Huey Long====
 * 19) ====Father Charles Coughlin====
 * 20) ====Fireside Chat====
 * 21) ====Bank Holiday====
 * 22) ====Emergency Banking Act====
 * 23) ====AAA====
 * 24) ====CCC====
 * 25) ====NRA====
 * 26) ====TVA====
 * 27) ====FDIC====
 * 28) ====SEC====
 * 29) ====WPA====
 * 30) ====REA====
 * 31) ====Social Security====
 * 32) ====Fair Labor Standards Act====
 * 33) 21st Amendment
 * 34) ====Court-packing====
 * 35) ====Black Cabinet====
 * 36) ====Frances Perkins====
 * 37) ====Dorothea Lange====
 * 38) ====John Steinbeck====

__J. Revisit key basics:__
Overview of the US Government:

Overview of the US Economy:

=K. Evaluating the New Deal=

1929–1948

 * YEAR = = || PERCENT UNEMPLOYED = = || =ANALYSIS= ||
 * 1929 || 3.2 ||  ||
 * 1930 || 8.7 ||  ||
 * 1931 || 15.9 ||  ||
 * 1932 || 23.6 ||  ||
 * 1933 || 24.9 ||  ||
 * 1934 || 21.7 ||  ||
 * 1935 || 20.1 ||  ||
 * 1936 || 16.9 ||  ||
 * 1937 || 14.3 ||  ||
 * 1938 || 19.0 ||  ||
 * 1939 || 17.2 ||  ||
 * 1940 || 14.6 ||  ||
 * 1941 || 9.9 ||  ||
 * 1942 || 4.7 ||  ||
 * 1943 || 1.9 ||  ||
 * 1944 || 1.2 ||  ||
 * 1945 || 1.9 ||  ||
 * 1946 || 3.9 ||  ||
 * 1947 || 3.6 ||  ||
 * 1948 || 3.4 ||  ||

After having read the chart above, copy it into your notebook and add to the analysis column - what key events took place in the different years shown in the chart?
= 2. Legacies of the New Deal: =

F. Role of the government


Great Depression site on HistoryChannel.com - lots if info, video and links New Deal site on HistoryChannel.com - lots if info, video and links Brief overview of the 1930s from HistoryChannel.com Brief overview of WWI, the 1920s, the Great Depression Brief overview of the crash, depression, WWII Video - The Crash and start of the GD - 5 mins The 1930s - film, art, print, timelines, TONS of info GD & ND site - good stats, info, & pics Top 5 Causes of the GD Archives.gov links to info from 1929-1945 PBS.org - Surviving the Dust Bowl Dust Bowl Timeline Video - Farmers & the GD FDR Inaugural Address - 1933 Video - FDR Inaugural Address 1933 FDR site from PBS.org FDR domestic policies from PBS.org FDR Fireside Chat - banking crisis FDR overview - Whitehouse.gov FDR Library & Museum site Top 10 ND Programs List of major ND programs w relief, recovery, or reform labels Major New Deal programs w descriptions Major ND Programs - Chart Library of Congress - primary sources for the GD, ND, WWII The Roosevelt Institute The New Deal Network Great Plains region map